FIPS 140-3 is not a security guarantee, and auditors know it
This analysis argues that FIPS 140-3 certification is often misunderstood as a comprehensive security guarantee rather than a narrow validation of cryptographic modules. The author notes that many organizations purchase certified hardware but fail to operate it in the validated configuration, rendering the certification ineffective.
A sales engineer at one of the major HSM vendors told me recently that over 90 percent of their customers who buy FIPS-enabled HSMs run them with FIPS mode disabled . They pay a premium for the certificate, then switch off the configuration it describes. By the end of this article you will understand why that is often the correct engineering decision.
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