India’s foreign policy must look seaward

India's growing maritime workforce faces significant risks due to the complex, multi-jurisdictional nature of global shipping, where seafarers often lack clear consular protection. The article argues that India must move beyond reactive measures by establishing a standing maritime consular protocol and a robust tracking system to ensure the safety and welfare of its citizens at sea.
At sea, nationality is usually clear. Responsibility seldom is. An Indian seafarer may be recruited in Mumbai, hired by a company based in Singapore, placed on a ship flying the flag of Panama, carrying Kuwaiti oil, attacked off the coast of Oman, and detained in a fifth country. His family may know that he is in danger without knowing which government, shipowner, or insurer is responsible for bringing him home. No single authority is fully in charge. For thousands of Indian seafarers, this uncertainty is not an exception but a routine part of ordinary working life.
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