The next DPI — how India can commoditise AI
The article argues that India should leverage its successful Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) model—previously used for identity and payments—to commoditize artificial intelligence. It suggests focusing on driving down the cost of AI inference rather than competing in the capital-intensive training race.
India made identity, payments, and data free. Intelligence is next. No other country has deliberately built all three as a digital public infrastructure (DPI) stack at India’s scale. Others have developed only pieces of this. Estonia has a world-class digital identity system, but nothing comparable to UPI. Brazil’s Pix is an excellent free payments rail, but it stands alone. Singapore has Singpass and SGFinDex, while Europe has open banking and data portability. India’s genuine claim to global leadership in public digital infrastructure lies in this unique combination. Its distinctiveness is not any single component, but the integration of Aadhaar, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), and DEPA/Account Aggregator as interoperable public digital rails.
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